= USB Storage Devices = The 825 Gen2 supports USB storage devices formatted for FAT32 or ExFAT. ExFAT is supported. (FAT32 has maximum individual file size of 4G. The ExFAT file size limit is 128PB, so effectively individual file size can be as big as the flash drive.) !SanDisk 256G flash drive. {{{ dmesg … [ 972.373516] audit: type=1327 audit(1698930643.213:22): proctitle="(systemd)" [ 992.372412] usb 4-1.2: new SuperSpeed USB device number 4 using xhci-hcd [ 992.395362] usb-storage 4-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [ 992.395822] scsi host1: usb-storage 4-1.2:1.0 [ 993.425958] scsi 1:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB SanDisk 3.2Gen1 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 993.428431] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] 488570880 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/233 GiB) [ 993.429383] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 993.429400] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 993.429719] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 993.436723] sdc: sdc1 [ 993.438787] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk card825gen2:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 7.1G 4.2G 2.5G 64% / devtmpfs 1.5G 4.0K 1.5G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 4.0M 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 782M 11M 772M 2% /run tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 2.0G 32K 2.0G 1% /tmp tmpfs 2.0G 224K 2.0G 1% /var/volatile /dev/mmcblk0p2 7.1G 24K 6.7G 1% /run/media/rootfs2-mmcblk0p2 /dev/mmcblk0p3 182M 14K 168M 1% /run/media/data-mmcblk0p3 /dev/mmcblk0p1 7.1G 3.1G 3.6G 47% /run/media/rootfs1-mmcblk0p1 tmpfs 391M 12K 391M 1% /run/user/1001 tmpfs 391M 0 391M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sdc1 233G 43M 233G 1% /run/media/sdc1 card825gen2:~$ ls -l /run/media/sdc1 total 43584 -rwxrwx--- 1 root disk 44041519 Oct 6 2021 SanDiskMemoryZone.apk -rwxrwx--- 1 root disk 497832 Oct 25 2021 SanDiskMemoryZone_QuickStartGuide.pdf drwxrwx--- 2 root disk 32768 Nov 24 2021 'System Volume Information' card825gen2:~$ card825gen2:~$ echo "Test" > /run/media/sdc1/test.txt card825gen2:~$ ls -l /run/media/sdc1 total 43616 -rwxrwx--- 1 root disk 44041519 Oct 6 2021 SanDiskMemoryZone.apk -rwxrwx--- 1 root disk 497832 Oct 25 2021 SanDiskMemoryZone_QuickStartGuide.pdf drwxrwx--- 2 root disk 32768 Nov 24 2021 'System Volume Information' -rwxrwx--- 1 root disk 5 Nov 2 13:13 test.txt }}} Verified in Windows this is FAT32 and not ExFAT by trying to copy large file to the drive. Error "File Too Large" appeared Used Windows 10 to reformat to ExFAT Then copied large file successfully Moved flash drive back to 825 {{{ dmesg [ 1858.483512] usb-storage 4-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [ 1858.485704] scsi host1: usb-storage 4-1.2:1.0 [ 1859.490708] scsi 1:0:0:0: Direct-Access USB SanDisk 3.2Gen1 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 1859.491710] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] 488570880 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/233 GiB) [ 1859.492735] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 1859.492753] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 1859.493136] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 1859.500237] sdc: sdc1 [ 1859.502308] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk card825gen2:~$ card825gen2:~$ ls /run/media Data256G-sdc1 data-mmcblk0p3 rootfs1-mmcblk0p1 rootfs2-mmcblk0p2 card825gen2:~$ ls -l /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/ total 5827968 drwxrwxrwx 1 root root 131072 Nov 2 08:21 'System Volume Information' -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5967587328 Oct 24 2022 en-us_windows_10_business_editions_version_22h2_x64_dvd_8cf17b79.iso card825gen2:~$ echo "test123" > /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/test123.txt card825gen2:~$ ls -l /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/ total 5828096 drwxrwxrwx 1 root root 131072 Nov 2 08:21 'System Volume Information' -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5967587328 Oct 24 2022 en-us_windows_10_business_editions_version_22h2_x64_dvd_8cf17b79.iso -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 2 13:27 test123.txt card825gen2:~$ cat /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/test123.txt test123 }}} fdisk -l to view file system information: {{{ card825gen2:~$ fdisk -l Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.68 GiB, 15758000128 bytes, 30777344 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe49b9c9d Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 16384 15192063 15175680 7.2G 83 Linux /dev/mmcblk0p2 15192064 30367743 15175680 7.2G 83 Linux /dev/mmcblk0p3 30367744 30777343 409600 200M 83 Linux Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 29.72 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xb88fb0cd Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk1p1 16384 15171583 15155200 7.2G 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 232.97 GiB, 250148290560 bytes, 488570880 sectors Disk model: SanDisk 3.2Gen1 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x3083954b Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdc1 32 488570879 488570848 233G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT }}} Attempt NTFS Reformatted and copied large file back on drive. Inserted in 825 {{{ dmesg [ 2632.765588] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 2632.765606] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 2632.768104] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 2632.776333] sdc: sdc1 [ 2632.778398] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 2633.488384] ntfs: driver 2.1.32 [Flags: R/O MODULE]. [ 2633.530979] ntfs: volume version 3.1. card825gen2:~$ ls /run/media Data256G-sdc1 data-mmcblk0p3 rootfs1-mmcblk0p1 rootfs2-mmcblk0p2 card825gen2:~$ ls -l /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/ total 5827724 dr-x------ 1 root root 0 Nov 2 13:35 'System Volume Information' -r-------- 1 root root 5967587328 Oct 24 2022 en-us_windows_10_business_editions_version_22h2_x64_dvd_8cf17b79.iso card825gen2:~$ echo "TestXYZ" > /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/testxyz.txt -sh: /run/media/Data256G-sdc1/testxyz.txt: Read-only file system }}} Read NTFS successful, but does not support writing